From my experience of the system, it seems to compare favourably with the NHS in the UK. When my father-in-law was very ill the ambulance came quickly, the paramedics were both caring and professional, and the treatment good. The same when one of our children needed to see the doctor with tonsilitis - good service, no charge.
Having read your post, I did have a search on the 'net. My wife has had cancer, and the doctor here advised her to register the UK medical records with the local hospital in Italy, as she then wouldn't have to pay for certain treatments - we've done this, but until now I hadn't really thought about what she would get free, that anyone without a history of cancer (i.e. me) would have to pay. The entry on Wikipedia states :-
"In 1978, a health reform introduced the National Health Service (Servizio Sanitario Nazionale - SSN), a term inspired by the British National Health Service. The SSN is a public and universalistic system aimed at guaranteed healthcare for all citizens. It was planned to be an entitlement and was not means-tested. Later, the financial situation urged to introduce user charges in order to avoid wastages, even if this might bring to inequalities, and means-testing for common tests and medicine."
I haven't been able to find so far what the user charges are, or for what, but it seems they are set regionally, so may vary. I would be interested to see if anyone has had to pay, for what, and how much.